Pre-Nicene Teaching on Church Leadership Grid – Nov. 2024
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Legend for Cells |
C1. Christ is the head of the church Eph 5:23 |
C11. Obey authority of godly church leaders Heb 13:17 |
W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching |
C2. Concept of one universal church Eph 4:3-5 |
C12. Reject unchristian church leader authority 2Tim3:1-5 |
I = Implied this is true or opposite is false |
C3. Tradition of the apostles of the church Eph 2:20 |
C13. Church leaders are shepherds Jn 21:15; 1Pet 5:2 |
N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed |
C4. Priesthood of all believers 1 Pet 2:9; Rev 1:6; 5:10 |
C14. Ordination [of elders/bishops] Tt 1:5 |
J = Mentioned as by Jesus, not John |
C5. The church/Christians should have unity Eph 4:3-5 |
C15. Bishop(s) Acts 20:28; Php 1:1 |
Q = Quote of 1 or more verses |
C6. Excommunicate or separate from heretics 2 Tim3 |
C16. The Episcopate [office of bishop] - |
m = Mixed: some agree, others did not |
C7. Churches should greet other churches Rom 16:16 |
C17. Elders/Presbyters 1 Tim 3:1-2;3:8;Tt 1:5;Jms 5:14;1Pet5:1 |
½ = quote of ½ a verse A = Allusion |
C8. Church leaders should accept each other 2Jn9-10 |
C18. Deacons Acts 6:2-6; 1 Tim 3:1-2;3:8; Tt 1:5; Php 1:1 |
P = partial |
C9. Must be worthy of being a bishop/priest |
C19. Teachers Acts13:1;1Cor12:28-29;Eph4:11; Tt 2:3; Heb 5:12 |
- = no reference found |
C10. Remove leaders in gross sin/heresy 1 Cor 5:9-13 |
C20. Catechumens – [members in training] |
X = Disagree blank = not researched yet |
Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, brown=Christians persecuting
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
C |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
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First Christians in Edessa, Osrhoene |
60 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.111 |
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The Apostle Philip martyred in Hierapolis, Turkey |
60 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.111 |
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First Christians in Armenia |
c.60 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.111 |
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First Christians in England and Glastonbury church. |
61 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.111-112 |
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The Dead Sea Scrolls (205 OT fragments, 667 non-OT) |
150 B.C.-68 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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Masada. Gen 46:7-11; Lev 4:3-9; 8:31-11:40; Dt 33:17-21; 34:2-6 Ps 150:1b-6, and Ezek 35:11-15; 36:1-10, 13-14, 17-35; 37:1-14, 16, 23, 28; 38:1-4, 7-8 (with gaps) |
169 B.C.-73 A.D. |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
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Nero and Domitian persecute Christians |
64-95/96 |
est. 500K Christians. Labeled atheists & killed for refusing to worship emperor/idols |
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Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement) |
16.25 |
96/98 |
- |
P |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Estimated 500K or 800K Christians. World pop. 180M |
by 100 A.D. |
per Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126 or World Christian Trends AD 30-2200 AD p.18 |
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First Christians in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Algeria |
100 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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First [St. Thomas] Christians in Sri Lanka, south of India |
c.100 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
2 |
95-110 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
0.5 |
-95-117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
13 |
c.100-117 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Trajan persecutes Christians |
107-117 |
Answered Pliny the Younger’s letter. Christians not hunted, but killed if found. |
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Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
4.75 |
c.60-120 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
I |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
First Christians in Dacia (modern Romania) |
c.120 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
4 |
125or138-161 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Quadratus of Athens fragment (apologist) |
.125 |
126 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Epistle of Barnabas |
12.5 |
c.70-130 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
First Christians settle in Moldova from Romania |
130 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Wadi Murabba’at Mur 2. Dt 10:1-3; 11:2-3; 12:25-26; 14:29; 15:1 or 2 |
c.132 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Hadrian persecutes Christians and Jews |
118 & 134 |
Hadrian loved Greek culture, and he persecuted both Jewish and Christian people. |
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Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs |
29 |
70-135 |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
Bar Cochba persecutes Christians |
132-135 |
Christians persecuted in Israel because they would not join Bar Cochba’s revolt. |
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p52 Jn 18:31-33,37f-38 (5 verses) |
-138 |
- |
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2 Clement (anonymous writer) |
5.75 |
120-140 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
p87 Phm 13-15,24-25 (5 verses) |
100-150 |
- |
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p46 Chester Beatty II - (70%) Paul, Heb (1,680 verses) |
100-150 |
- |
W |
I |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
|
Akhmin Apocalypse of Peter (Greek) |
2 |
135,100-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p104 Mt 21:34-37,43-45(?) |
150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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p98 Revelation 1:13-2:1 (9 verses) |
150? |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Antoninus Pius persecutes Christians |
c.150 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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First churches in Morocco, Portugal, & south Germany |
c.150 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Polycarp to the Philippians |
3.5 |
100-155 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Mathetes to Diognetus – teaching a disciple |
5.25 |
c.130-200 |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apostolic fathers totals: all symbols except P |
67.5 |
-155 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
The Epistle of the Apostles. Against Cerinthus, Simon, and Gnostics. Canonical in the Ethiopic Orthodox Tawahedo Church |
9.8 |
2nd century |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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W |
- |
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Leucius Charinus Acts of John |
24.7 |
2nd century |
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Gospel of Mary (ms. p463 is 200-250 A.D.) |
1 |
2nd century |
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- |
Shepherd of Hermas (= Hermas, = The Pastor) |
46.5 |
c.115-155 |
- |
W |
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I |
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- |
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W |
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W |
- |
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W |
W |
- |
Justin Martyr, philosopher, apologist |
116.5 |
c.138-165 |
- |
- |
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W |
- |
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W |
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Evarestus Martyrdom of Polycarp |
5 |
c.169 |
- |
W |
- |
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W |
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- |
Marcion of Pontus, pupil of Cerdo/Cerdon. Apelles & Prepon from Marcion. |
before 170- |
Gnostics believed Creator was evil or foolish, rejected Old T., mixed in paganism. |
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Menander then Satorninos/Saturnilus (ascetic Gnostics) |
c.150-4th cen. |
Cerdo & Menander from Simon in Acts. Encratite gnostics came from Saturnilus. |
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Dionysius of Corinth (wrote against Marcion) |
.333 |
170 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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W |
W |
- |
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- |
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W |
- |
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Tatian's Diatessaron |
86 |
c.172 |
- |
W |
- |
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W |
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- |
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Encratite Gnostics (Tatian became one later) |
18 |
c.172 |
- |
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First Christians in Austria |
174 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Basilides & his pupil Isidorus, changed from Menander 's teaching |
2.5 |
132-135-4th |
- |
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Sethians/Borborites (libertine Gnostics) |
20 |
c.150-4th cen. |
- |
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Hermetic Gnostics (no mention of Christ) |
6 |
c.150-4th cen. |
- |
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Valentinians including Heracleon, Colorbasus, Marcus |
23 |
c.150-4th cen. |
- |
W |
W |
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Ptolemy the Gnostic |
12 |
c.150-4th cen. |
- |
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Other gnostics: Cainites, Carpocrates, Docetics, Peretae, Cerinthus, Dositheus, Monoimus, Hermogenes, Marcillinians, Melchisedecians, Nicolaus, Ophites, Secundus/Epiphanes |
37 |
c.150-4th century |
- |
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W |
- |
p66 Bodmer II Papyri - 92% of John (817 verses) |
c.125-175 |
- |
- |
- |
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W |
- |
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I |
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p4 Luke 1:58-59; 1:62-2:1,6-7; 3:8-4:2,29-32,34-35; 5:3-8; 5:30-6:16 p64 Mt 26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33 p67 Mt 3:9,15; 5:20-22,25-28 (95 verses) |
c.150-175 |
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p90 Jn 18:36-19:7 (11 verses) |
c.175 |
- |
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Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
6.5 |
177 |
- |
P |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Athenagoras (apologist) |
33.5 |
177 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
- |
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
162/166-180 |
Stoic philosopher. Persecution, mainly in Gaul, ended when he died. |
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First African Christians martyred in Carthage |
180 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian) |
11 |
170-177 |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis |
0.5 |
160-177/180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hegesippus (chronicler) |
2.5 |
170-180 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles) |
0.5 |
180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Theophilus of Caesarea |
.125 |
180 |
- |
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W |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus) |
32 |
168-181/188 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ebionite Clementine Homilies (Law, Father, Son) |
123.5 |
-188- |
- |
W |
I |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
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W |
Ebionite Letter of Peter to James |
2 |
-188- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
Ebionite Letter of Clement to James |
4.5 |
-188- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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W |
- |
- |
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P |
Early Christians warning about Ebionites |
1 |
182-325 |
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- |
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|
Irenaeus Proof of Apostolic Preaching |
22.75 |
c.160-202 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
262 |
182-188 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Pantaenus of Alexandria traveled to India |
189 |
Visited the Malankara church in India. They used the Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew. |
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Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it) |
2 |
180-190 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
Quartodecimian Synod of Ephesus |
c.190 |
Convened by Polycrates to fix the date of Easter. Roman bishop Victor I rejects it. |
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Many north Africans become Christians |
c.190 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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Maximus of Jerusalem (wrote on origin of evil) |
5 |
185-196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian) |
0.5 |
196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Christians in Bactria, Hindu Kush, and Kurdistan |
196 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.113 |
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p32 (=P. Rylands 5) Titus 1:1-15; 2:3-8 (21 verses) |
150-200 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
|
p103/p77 Mt 13:55-57; 14:3-5; 23:30-39 (10 verses) |
200 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Gaius of Rome started the Alogi heresy |
0 |
c.200 |
Claimed the Gospel of John and Revelation were by Cerinthus, not John |
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p23 James 1:10-12, 15-18 (7 verses) |
ca.200 |
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- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Estimated 2 or 4.7 million Christians, world pop. 192M |
by 200 A.D. |
per Ante-Nicene Fathers v.4 p.126 or World Christian Trends :AD 30–AD 2200 p.97 |
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First known church building |
201/202 |
In the city of Edessa (modern-day Urfa in southern Turkey) |
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Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs -died 180 A.D. |
0.75 |
180-202 |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
3 |
190-217 |
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W |
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- |
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W |
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W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Sabellian heresy (Praxeas, Noetus) |
c.200-257- |
Patripassians believed the Father, Son, & Spirit were one person. |
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Zephyrinus & Callistus of Rome (adoptionists) |
199-222 |
God came upon the human man Jesus. Callistus excommunicated Sabellius. |
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Persecution of Septimus Severus |
202 |
A Christian helped him when ill, but did not repeal existing laws. |
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Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas |
7 |
c.201/205 |
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W |
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- |
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- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
Acts of Paul and Thecla (Tertullian said faked by a presbyter) |
6 |
before 207 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain |
209 |
Alban, Julius, and Aaron were formerly thought killed in 304/5 A.D. |
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Epitaph of Abercius of Hieropolis in Phrygia Salutaris |
0.125 |
190-210 |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion) |
1.333 |
191/200-210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Minucius Felix (The Octavius) |
25 |
210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists) |
1 |
c.210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Christians slaughtered in Egypt |
212 |
Roman Emperor Caracella order killing Christians in Egypt |
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Judah the Prince compiles the Jewish Mishnah |
189-217 |
Oral traditions of the Pharisees were written down & became part of the Talmud |
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Clement of Alexandria Stromata |
245.75 |
193-202 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Clement of Alexandria Exhort. to the Heathen |
34.75 |
c.195 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Clement of Alexandria (remainder) |
109 |
193-217/220 |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Tertullian (joined the Montanist Church) |
692.75 |
198-220 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
I |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
Tertullian’s 5 Books Against Marcion |
194 |
207/208 |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
P |
Tertullian: On Monogamy, On Modesty |
41.25 |
208-220 |
- |
W |
- |
W |
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- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
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- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
p75 Lk 3:18-22; etc. Jn 1:1-11:45,etc. (1,166 verses) |
175-225 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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|
0189 Acts 5:3-21 (earliest N.T. parchment) (19 verses) |
175-225 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Council of Carthage under Agrippinus |
ca.200-225 |
Decides that baptisms by heretics are invalid. |
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p45 Chester Beatty I, 4 gospels + Acts (833 verses) |
200-225 |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Green Collection #425 Rom 9:18-21 some Rom 10 |
early 3rd |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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|
p29 Acts 26:7-8,20 (3 verses) |
200-225 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
|
p30 1 Th 4:12-13,16-17, 5:3,8-10,12-18,25-28; 2 Th 1:1-2; 2:1,9-11 (25 verses) |
early 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Ebionite Recognitions of Clement (=Sinai Epitome) |
134 |
211-231 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical). Against Marcion & Valentinus. |
11.5 |
154-224/232 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Alexandria under bishop Demetrius |
231/232 |
Invalidated Origen’s ordination. Origen forbidden to teach or live in Alexandria. |
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Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
2.75 |
c.232 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
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W |
- |
- |
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- |
Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son) |
2.25 |
before 235 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
Theodotus of Byzantium (Jesus born only a man) |
0.5 |
before 235 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Justin's Book of Baruch -Moses,Heracles,Christ |
2.5 |
188-235 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Naaseni Gnostics & their Gospel of Thomas |
3+6 |
188-235 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed) |
218 |
222-235/236 |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
P |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians |
235-238 |
First empire-wide persecution, but only of clergy. It stopped when he was killed. |
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Narrative of Zosimus |
4.5 |
before 240 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theodotus the probable Montanist |
7.75 |
ca.240 |
- |
I |
- |
- |
I |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Instructions of Commodianus |
16 |
c.240 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
Julius Africanus (undisputed writings) |
9 |
232-245 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity |
5.75 + 5 |
before 246 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ebionite Protoevangelium of James |
6 |
145-248 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Heraclas of Alexandria 1st to be called a pope |
232-249 |
No Roman bishop called a pope until the Council of Arles I in 314 A.D., Next was 347 A.D.. Siricius c.384-399 was the first Roman bishop to call himself a pope. |
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p137 Mk 1:7-9,16-18 (6 verses) |
150-250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
"Revised Valentinian" Tripartite Tractate |
11 |
200-250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p13 Heb 2:14-5:5;10:8-22;10:29-11:13;etc. 114 verses |
225-250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
p5 Jn 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-20;20:11-17,19-20,22-25 |
early 3rd cent. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Martyrdom of the Holy Martyrs |
1.5 |
before 250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
p1 Mt 1:1-9,12,14-20 (17 verses) |
250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
p22 Jn 15:25-16:2; 16:21-32 (17 verses) |
c.250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
p91 Acts 2:30-37; 2:46-47; 3:1-2 (12 verses) |
250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
p118 Rom 15:26-27,32-33; 16:1,4-7,11-12 (11 verses) |
250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
p119 Jn 1:21-28,33-38,42-44 (17 verses) |
250 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
p121 Jn 19:17-19,25-26 (5 verses) |
250,200-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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|
p129 1 Cor 7:36-39;8:10;9:3,14-17;9:27-10:6 (17 verses) |
250,200-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
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|
p131 Rom 9:18-21; 9:22-10:3 (19 verses) |
250,200-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Nag Hamadi Apocalypse of Peter |
2.5 |
3rd century |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Hermias Satire on Greek Philosophers |
4.2 |
3rd century? |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca |
12.5 |
mid-3rd cent? |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
0.75 |
233-251 |
- |
- |
- |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bishop Stephen I of Rome Letter to Antioch |
251 |
Asked why Novatian did not know there should be only one bishop in Rome |
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Sentences of Sextus (partial) originally Pythagorean, modified by Christians. |
2 |
before 253 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Origen (heterodox teacher) |
825.15 |
225-253/254 |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
I |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Origen’s Prayer, Exhortation to Martyrdom |
180 |
233-235 |
- |
- |
- |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus |
250-251 - 253 |
1st Christian schism. Could fallen Christians return or doomed forever – Novatian |
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Plague kills 20% of Roman population, 50% in Alexandria |
252-272 |
per World Christian Trends AD 30-AD 2200 p.115 |
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First Christian monks and hermits |
250-251 |
Peter the Hermit and others. Antony of Egypt (270-356 A.D.) was a bit later. |
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Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years) |
38.5 |
250/254-257 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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W |
- |
Treatise Against Novatian |
6.5 |
254-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Treatise on Rebaptism |
11 |
c.250-258 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian) |
250.5 |
c.246-258 |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
Roman church leaders (letters 2,29,30) |
1+4.75 |
250-251 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
Lucian et al. (letters 16, 21) |
.875 |
250-251 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
0.4 |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
1.25 |
250-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |