Nicea to Ephesus Teaching Grid

Nicea to Ephesus Teaching on ... Grid – July 2022 version

		Legend for Cells
1.	11.	W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching
2.	12.	I = Implied this is true or opposite is false
3.	13.	N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed
4.	14.	M = Mixed: some agree, others would not
5.	15.	P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible
6.	16.
7.	17.	- = no reference found (so far)
8.	18.	X = Disagree
9.	19.	blank = not researched yet
10.	20.	Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops)

May-Jun 325

Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians

315,325-381

Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed.

Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs

325

In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera.

private creed of Arius for Constantine to restore him

0.1

328

Juvencus’ poem: The Four Books of the Gospels

329

Gregory the Illuminator

301-c.331

Brought Christianity to Armenia. Baptized his former persecutor Tiridates III

Eustathius of Berrhoea, then Antioch (against Origen & Eusebius of Nicomedia)

324-337

Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea)

c.404

318-339/340

Marcellus of Ancyra (Trinity not forever) (only Letter to Julius preserved)

c.336 & 340

St. Nino/Nuneh of Cappadocia

320-338/340

A nun who fled the violent persecution of Armenia, converted Queen Nana and Ming Mirian III of Iberia/Georgia. The gospel spread all across Georgia.

Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops)

3.5

summer 341

Asterius the Sophist (Arian)

-c.341

Mild Arian Creed of Antioch

c.341/344

Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline)

343/344

Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations (believed in soul sleep)

67.25

337-345

The Macrostich Creed (very detailed)

344/345

Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans.

346/348

A Poem on the Passion of the Lord

315-350

Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet)

3.5

>350?

Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15, no 1, 2 Tim, Tt, Phm, Rev. (6,979 verses) Every other NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Mk 7:16; 9:44,46; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 17:36; 22:43-44; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:6; 28:29; Rom 16:24; 1 Pet 5:3

325-350

Sinaiticus (Aleph) half of OT. Every NT verse except:

Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; 24:35; Mk 1:33; 7:16; 9:44,46; 10:36; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 10:32; 17:36; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; 16:15; 19:20; 20:5b-6; 21:25; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Rom 16:24

340-350

p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses)

350

p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses)

350

p86 Mt5:13-16,22-25; p88 Mk2:1-26; p89 Heb6:7-9,15-17

350

p120 Jn 1:5-28,33-38,42-44 (33 verses)

350

p123 1 Cor 14:31-34; 15:3-6 (8 verses)

350

p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20 (4 verses)

350

p8 Act 4:41-37;5:2-9;6:6,8-15 p10 Rom 1:1-7

4th century

p71 Mt 19:10f;17f (parts of 2 verses)

4th century

p139 Phm 6-8,18-20 (6 verses)

4th century

058 Mt 18:18-19.22-23.25-26.28-29 (8 verses)

4th century

0169 (= the Princeton fragment) Rev 3:19-4:3 (7 verses)

4th century

0185 1 Cor 2:5-6,9,13; 3:2-3 (6 verses)

4th century

0188 Mk 11:11-17 (6 verses)

4th century

0206 1 Pet 5:1-13 (13 verses)

4th century

0207 Rev 9:2-15 (13 verses)

4th century

0221 Rom 5:16-17,19; 5:21-6:3 (7 verses)

4th century

0222 1 Cor 9:5-7,10,12-13 (6 verses)

4th century

0228 Heb 12:19-21,23-25 (6 verses)

4th century

0230 Eph 6:11-12 (2 verses)

4th century

0231 Mt 26:75; 27:1,3-4 (4 verses)

4th century

0242 Mt 8:25-9:2; 13:32-38,40-46 (24 verses)

4th century

0258 Jn 10:25-26 (2 verses)

4th century

0308 Rev 11:15-16, 11:17-18 (4 verses)

4th century

Vercelli (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end

4th century

Cairo Geniza Old Testament Fragments

4th century

Bodmer III Bohairic Coptic Jn 1:1-21:25; Gen 1:1-4:2

4th century

Amon of Adrianople (martyr)

4th century

Apostolic Canons (=Apostolical Canons)

4th century

Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns

4th century

Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean)

4th century

Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus (Disputation with Manes)

58.75

4th century

Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus

0.5

4th century

History of Joseph the Carpenter

6.5

4th century

Book of Mary’s Repose (extant in Ethiopic)

4th century

Six Books Dormition Narrative

4th century

Gospel of Nicodemus (=Acts of Pilate 2). Discusses Jesus’ descent into Hell

mid-4th century

Kukeans (mentioned by Ephraim and Bar-Konai)

mid 4th century

God was born from the Awakened Sea in the World of Light, and procreated with his own image

Macarius the Great Apocriticus

300-350

1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed)

1.5

351

Julius I of Rome. said Marcellus was Trinitarian

339-352

Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism)

340-348/353

Theodore of Heraclea

c.330-355

Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea

0.5

355

Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (Euchologion) (supporter of Athanasius and anti-Origenist)

6.2

350-356

3rd synod of Arles

353

Supported Arianism and against Athanasius

4th Council of Sirmium

357

Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son

Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops)

0.2

357/358

King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian

c.325-360

King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen

Eusebius of Emesa/Amasea. On the Sufferings and Death of our Lord

3.5

c.359/360

Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal

c.350-360

Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem

325-361

Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree.

Arian Roman Emperor Constantius

337-353-361

Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding.

Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace

0.5

356-361

Life of Antony (probably by Athanasius)

26.5

356-362

Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius

c.4

359-362

Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial)

c.8

359-362

Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia

late 4th cent.

Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion

361-363

Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east.

Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza

361-363

Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians.

Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem)

366

Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours)

226.5

355-367/368

Theodore of Tabennesi, Egypt

died 368

Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae

350-370

Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue)

0.25

ca.360-370

Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east

370

Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism.

Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless)

370-1231

Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus.

Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians)

c.345-370/371

Athanasius of Alexandria (partial)

412

325-373

Nag Hamadi Teachings of Silvanus

before 375

Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) Against Donatists

70.75

373-375

Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths

369-376

After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians.

Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). wrote 4 books against Manichees

before 378

Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) (soul sleep)

161.25

350-378

Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius

354-365

Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius.

Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop

366-378

Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed.

Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople

342-379

Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I.

Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa

c.327-379

Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial)

326

357-378/379

Synod of Antioch under Gregory Nyssa

378/379

Against both those who worshipped Mary and those who denied the perpetual virginity of Mary, mother of God

Apocalypse of Elijah (both a Jewish and a Christianized Coptic version)

before 380

Zeno of Verona (90 sermons)

362-380

Sapor II persecutes Christians in Persia

379/380-401/2

Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed

Apostolic Constitutions (=Constitutions of the Holy Apostles)

114

375-380

Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna

c.380

Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity

ca.380

Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed)

4.5

343-381

Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste

1.33

345-381

Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore)

381

1st Council of Constantinople -150 bishops

3.75

381-382

Council of Rome under Damasus I

382

Eunomius of Cyzicus (Extreme Anomean Arian)

10.6

360-c.383/395

Bachiarius Libellis de Fide

ca.383

Ambrosiaster Questions on the Old and New Testaments (Latin)

157.8

c.384

Filastrius/Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies

c.384/381-397

Helvidius/Helvetius. Jerome was against his view

before 838

Jesus’ brothers and sisters in the Bible proved that Mary had children after Jesus

Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria

7.75

after 384

Fritigern, Ullingswick, & Ufilas convert Goths to Arianism

360-383

Creed of Ufilas (Wulfila/Ufolu/Ulphilas/Orhpila)

0.25

348-383

Jacob of Nisibis

305-385

Gregory of Elvira, Spain

359-385

Macedonian and Priscillian heresies

c.383, 385

Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D.

Priscillian of Avila, denied the Trinity

385

Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem)

142

c.349-386

Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed

c.386-389/384

Vision of Paul (Augustine said forged)

15.25

c.388

Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel

388

At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq

Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism)

446.25

370-390

Tyconius of Africa, On the Apocalypse (Donatist)

370-380/390

Tyconius of Africa. The Book of Rules

126.3

370-380/390

A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue

379-390

Emperor Theodosius orders the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him.

Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul)

died 390

Marcian

390

Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.)

275

330-391

Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria

391

With emperor’s blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images

Pacian of Barcelona (against Novatianists)

c.19

342-379/392

Fortunatus

392

Phoebadius of Agen (wrote against Arians)

after 392

Diodore (taught Chrysostom & Theodore)

c.360-390/394

Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius

394

Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being.

342-395

Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians)

379-395

Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions.

Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist)

495

c.356-397

Ninian takes the gospel to the Picts

397

Picts lived in northern and eastern Scotland

Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians)

398

Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia)

361-c.399,370

Orthodox beliefs except wouldn’t accept back repentant Arian/semi-Arian clergy

Evagrius Ponticus (Origenist monk)

c.381-399

Siricius was first to call himself Pope in Rome

c.384-399

Epitaph of Pectorius

0.125

100-400

Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum)

c.189

320/350-400

Syriac Doctrine of Addai (uses Mk 16:15)

390-400

An estimated 10 million Christians

by 400 A.D.

according to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126

1st Council of Toledo, Spain

400

p82 Lk 7:32-34, 37-38 (5 verses)

400

p85 Rev 9:19-10:1,5-9 (9 verses)

400

p19 Mt 10:32-40, 10:41-11:5 (16 verses)

400

p50 Acts 8:26-32; 10:26-31 (13 verses)

400

p51 Gal 1:2-10 (9 verses)

400

p117 2 Cor 7:6-11 (6 verses)

400

p122 Jn 21:11-14.22-24 (7 verses)

400

p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses)

4/5th century

p57 Acts 4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses)

4/5th century

p130 (Heb 9:9-12; 19-23 (9 verses)

200-400

p132 Eph 3:21-4:2,14-16

200-400

p134 Jn 1:49-2:1 (4 verses)

200-400

p139 Phm 6-8,18-20

300-400

Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25

4/5th century

Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14:17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8

4/5th century

Codex Cottonianus of Genesis (Septuagint)

4/5th century

059 Mk 15:20-21,26-27,29-38

4/5th century

0160 Mt 26:25-26,34-36 (5 verses)

4/5th century

0176 Gal 3:16-25 (10 verses)

4/5th century

0181 Lk 9:59-10:14 (18 verses)

4/5th century

0214 Mk 8:33-37 (5 verses)

4/5th century

0219 Rom 2:21-23; 3:8-9,23-25,27-30

4/5th century

0315 Mk 2:9,21,25; 3:1-2 (5 verses)

4/5th century

0323 Jonah (1 page)

4/5th century

Bodmer XIX Sahidic Coptic Mt 14:28-28:20; Rom 1:1-2:3

4/5th century

Caelestine of Ireland. Semi-Pelagian monk

4/5th century

Julianus. British bishop and Semi-Pelagian

4/5th century

Fastidus British semi-Pelagian and historian

4/5th century

Hyperechius (Mt, etc.)

4/5th century

Timothy of Alexandria

4/5th century

Maximinus

4/5th century

Maximus of Turin (fasting at Lent and Pentecost, but not Easter, supremacy of Peter)

4/5th century

Petilian/Petilianus, Donatist bishop

4/5th century

Monarchian Prologues (Spanish Priscillianist)

4/5th century

Nonnus (wrote a Gospel of John paraphrase)

early 5th cent.

The Gnostic Bruce Codex (two books)

end of 4th/5th century

Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies)

360-403

Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria

391-403

Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom.

Acts of Andrew

-403

Acts of Andrew and Matthias

8.75

-403

Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians)

c.345-398/404

Flavian I of Antioch

381-404

Prudentius, poet of Tarraconensis, Spain

before 405

Pope Innocent I of Rome

ca.405

Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist)

374-406

Ethiopic (Geez) Bible translation

before 406

Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian

after 406

Theotimos, a Scythian friend of Chrysostom

392-407

Tried to convert the Huns just north of the Black Sea. He was an admirer of Origen.

John Chrysostom (partial)

~3000

-407

Chromatius of Aquileia. 38 sermons + 18 works on Matthew. friend of Chrysostom, tried to reconcile Jerome and Rufinus

407

Severian of Gabala/Jableh (Chrysostom's foe)

150+

398-408

Maron, ascetic monk, admired by Chrysostom

died 410

He and Abraham of Cyrrhus founded the Maronites in Lebanon

Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 sermons)

406-410

Asterius of Amasea

22.2

400-410

1st Nestorian Synod (Seleucia-Ctesiphon)

410

Called by bishop Mar Isaac. Affirmed the Nicene Creed. Said the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon on par with Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, & Rome.

Violent persecution of and by Donatist sects

411

Augustine protested the harshness of Emperor Honorius’ persecution.

Theophilus of Alexandria

412

Niceta of Remesianus, Dacia (Serbia)

c.63

366-c.415

Paul of Tamma (Coptic saint)

3.5

died 415

Synod of Dispolis

415

Tries Pelagius and finds him innocent

Life of Paul of Tamma

6.7

after 415

Council of Milevum/Milevis, Numidia. 59 Numidian bishops against Pelagianism

416

Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian)

c.20

414-418

Pelagius tried at the Council of Lydda, 25 miles NW Jerusalem. 415 A.D. (People are born neutral.)

416-418

Letter from Paula & Eustochium to Jerome

before 419

Council of Carthage (218 bishops)

393-419

Greek philosopher Hypatia killed by Christian mob in Alexandria

c.419

Christian historian Socrates condemns this.

Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin)

116.5

363-420

Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial)

~500

373-420

Palladius’ Lausiac History (short recension)

419-420

Mazdeans persecute Christians in Persia

419-420

Under Persian emperor Vararanes

2nd Nestorian Synod (Synod of Yahallaha I)

420

Life of Aphou (Coptic work)

1.5

420?

Bishop Celestine closes all Novatianist churches in Rome

after 420

Christian historian Socrates condemns this. Closed in Alexandria but still open in Constantinople.

2nd Council of Vaison, France (10 canons)

422

Fifth Synod at Carthage

424

3rd Nestorian Synod (Markabta of Tayyaye)

424

Synod of Dadyeshu. Bishops appointed for Heart and Samarkand.

Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History

370/380-425

Sixth Synod at Carthage

426

To restore Leporius the “ex-proto-Nestorian”

Synod at Constantinople against Massalians

426

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian) (partial)

114.5

392-423/429

Macarius/Symeon (Mt, etc.)

392-423/429

Petronius of Verona, Italy

c.412-429

Augustine of Hippo (Ambrose’s pupil) (partial)

~4500

388-8/28/430

Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene)

414,397-430

John Cassian (Origenist, father of Semi-Pelagianism)

422.5

419-430

Nilus of Ancyra & Sinai, friend of Chrysostom, against Messalians

died c.430

Polychronius of Apamea brother of Theodore of Mopsuestia

c.430

Marcus of Eremita

after 430

Paulinus of Nola, Italy. Ex-senator and married priest who introduced bells in worship. He wrote 51 letters and many poems.

431

Council of Ephesus (200 bishops) against Pelagius & all who were not against Nestorius

Jun-Sep 431

Totals

12672+

325-431 A.D.

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingBlankGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatNiceaToEphesusChristiansTaught.html.

by Steven M. Morrison, PhD. If you find what you think are any omissions or errors, please email webmaster@biblequery.org