Nicea to Ephesus Teaching on the Bible Feb. 2019 version
The Bible |
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Legend for Cells |
Bi1. Study or obey God’s Word as an authority |
Bi11. Veil on many when read Moses/OT 2 Cor 3:14 |
W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching |
Bi2. O.T. has God’s words; study it Mk12:24-25;Ac 3:22 |
Bi12. We can understand scripture |
I = Implied this is true or opposite is false |
Bi3. The Old Test. prophesied about Jesus Lk 24:44 |
Bi13. Acknowledge Bible textual variants - |
N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed |
Bi4. Jesus superseded some Old Testament laws |
Bi14. We are to believe scripture Jn 2:22 |
M = Mixed: some agree, others would not |
Bi5. New Testament has God's words. 2 Pet 3:15-16 |
Bi15. O.T. said the Messiah had to suffer/die |
P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible |
Bi6. Some parts of the Bible are allegorical Ezek 17:1 |
Bi16. Dual meaning of some prophecies |
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Bi7. Old Test. has types of Christ. Rom 5.14; 1 Cor 10:4 |
Bi17. Don’t twist/corrupt meaning of scripture.2Pet3:16 |
- = no reference found (so far) |
Bi8. Melchizedek was type of Christ Gn14:18;Hb7:1-17 |
Bi18. The Law was excellent or good. Rom 7:12-13,16 |
X = Disagree |
Bi9. Joshua was a type of Christ |
Bi19. Scripture is called the word of God Psalm 33:4,6 |
blank = not researched yet |
Bi10. The prophets were until John. Mt 11:13; Lk 16:16 |
Bi20. Scripture is holy/sacred Isa 20:22; Rom 1:2; Rev3:7 |
Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s |
Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Catholics persecute, brown=other Christians persecute
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
Bi1 |
Bi2 |
Bi3 |
Bi4 |
Bi5 |
Bi6 |
Bi7 |
Bi8 |
Bi9 |
Bi10 |
Bi11 |
Bi12 |
Bi13 |
Bi14 |
Bi15 |
Bi16 |
Bi17 |
Bi18 |
Bi19 |
Bi20 |
Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops) |
3 |
May-Jun 325 |
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Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians |
315,325-381 |
Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed. |
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Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs |
325 |
In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera. |
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Private Creed of Arius (for Constantine to restore him) |
0.1 |
328 |
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Juvencus’ poem: The Four Books of the Gospels |
31 |
329 |
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W |
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- |
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Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen) |
< 1/4 |
323-337 |
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Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
c.404 |
318-339/340 |
W |
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W |
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W |
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W |
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I |
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Marcellus of Ancyra (Trinity not forever) |
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c.336 & 340 |
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Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops) |
3 ½ |
summer 341 |
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W |
Asterius the Sophist (Arian) |
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-c.341 |
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Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
1 |
c.341/344 |
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Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
5 |
343/344 |
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Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations |
67 ¼ |
337-345 |
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The Macrostich Creed (very detailed) |
2 |
344/345 |
W |
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Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans. |
26 |
346/348 |
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A Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
315-350 |
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pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity 1 & 2 |
5¾ + 5 |
3rd century |
W |
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Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet) |
3.5 |
>350? |
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Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15, no 1, 2 Tim, Tt, Phm, Rev. (6,979 verses) Every other NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Mk 7:16; 9:44,46; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 17:36; 22:43-44; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:6; 28:29; Rom 16:24; 1 Pet 5:3 |
325-350 |
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Sinaiticus (Aleph) ½ of OT. Every NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; 24:35; Mk 1:33; 7:16; 9:44,46; 10:36; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 10:32; 17:36; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; 16:15; 19:20; 20:5b-6; 21:25; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Rom 16:24 (Aleph) Almost all of NT ½ of OT |
340-350 |
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p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses) |
350 |
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p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses) |
350 |
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p86 Mt 5; p88 Mk 2; p89 Heb 6 |
350 |
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p120 Jn 1; p123 1 Cor 14-15 |
350 |
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p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20 |
350 |
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p8, p10, p71 (29, 6, 4 verses) |
4th century |
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058, 0169, 0185, 0188, 0242 |
4th century |
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Vercelli (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end |
4th century |
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Amon of Adrianople (martyr) |
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4th century |
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Apostolic Canons |
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4th century |
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Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns |
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4th century |
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Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus (Disputation with Manes) |
58.75 |
4th century. 262-278 |
W |
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I |
W |
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W |
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Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus |
0.5 |
4th century |
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W |
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W |
W |
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Mani & Manichaean writings (Augustine left this) Manes/Mani's father was an Elchasaite. |
5+17+ |
c.278-c.500 |
- |
X |
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W |
W |
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P |
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Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean) |
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4th century |
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1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
1 ½ |
351 |
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Julius I of Rome. Said Marcellus was Trinitarian |
9 |
339-352 |
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Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism) |
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340-348/353 |
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Theodore of Heraclea |
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c.330-355 |
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Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea |
½ |
355 |
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4h Council of Sirmium |
357 |
Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son |
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Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops) |
0.2 |
357/358 |
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Eusebius of Emesa |
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c.359 |
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King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian |
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c.325-360 |
King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen |
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Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (supporter of Athanasius, anti-Origenist) |
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c.333/360 |
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Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal |
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c.350-360 |
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Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem |
325-361 |
Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree. |
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Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
337-353-361 |
Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding. |
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Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace |
½ |
356-361 |
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Life of Antony (probably by Athanasius) |
26.5 |
356-362 |
W |
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Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
c.4 |
359-362 |
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Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
c.8 |
359-362 |
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Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia |
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late 4th cent. |
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Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion |
361-363 |
Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east. |
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Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
361-363 |
Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians. |
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Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem) |
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366 |
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Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
226.5 |
355-367/368 |
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Theodore of Tabennesi |
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died 368 |
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Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
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350-370 |
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Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue) |
0.25 |
ca.360-370 |
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Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
370 |
Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism. |
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Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless) |
370-1231 |
Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus. |
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Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians) |
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c.345-370/371 |
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Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
412 |
325-373 |
W |
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I |
I |
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W |
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W |
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W |
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W |
W |
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Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
70.75 |
373-375 |
I |
- |
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W |
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Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
369-376 |
After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians. |
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Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). wrote 4 books against Manichees |
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before 378 |
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Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) |
161.25 |
350-378 |
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W |
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W |
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Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius |
354-365 |
Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius. |
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Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop |
366-378 |
Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed. |
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Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople |
342-379 |
Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I. |
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Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa |
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c.327-379 |
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Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial) |
326 |
357-378/379 |
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Synod of Antioch under Gregory Nyssa |
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378/379 |
Against both those who worshipped Mary and those who denied the perpetual virginity of Mary, mother of God |
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Zeno of Verona (90 sermons) |
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362-380 |
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Sapor II persecutes Christians in Persia |
380 |
Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed |
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Apostolic Constitutions |
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c.380 |
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Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna |
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c.380 |
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Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity |
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ca.380 |
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Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed) |
4.5 |
343-381 |
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Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste |
1 1/3 |
345-381 |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore) |
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381 |
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1st Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3.75 |
381-382 |
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Council of Rome under Damasus I |
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382 |
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Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian) |
c.8 |
360-c.383 |
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Bachiarius Libellis de Fide |
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ca.383 |
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Ambrosiaster Questions on the Old and New Testaments (Latin) |
157.8 |
c.384 |
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Filastrius/Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies |
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c.387 |
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Jacob of Nisibis |
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305-385 |
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Gregory of Elvira, Spain |
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359-385 |
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Macedonian and Priscillian heresies |
c.383, 385 |
Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D. |
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Priscillian, denied the Trinity |
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385 |
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Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem) |
142 |
c.349-386 |
W |
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Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed |
2 |
c.386-389/384 |
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Vision of Paul (Augustine said forged) |
15.25 |
c.388 |
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Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel |
388 |
At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq |
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Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
446.25 |
370-390 |
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Tyconius of Africa On the Apocalypse (Donatist) |
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370-380/390 |
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Tyconius of Africa The Book of Rules |
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370-380/390 |
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A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue |
379-390 |
Emperor Theodosius order the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him. |
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Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul) |
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died 390 |
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Marcian |
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390 |
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Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
275 |
330-391 |
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Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria |
391 |
With emperor’s blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images |
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Pacian of Barcelona (against Novatianists) |
c.19 |
342-379/392 |
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Fortunatus |
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392 |
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Phoebadius of Agen (wrote against Arians) |
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after 392 |
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Diodore (taught Chrysostom & Theodore) |
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c.360-390/394 |
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Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
1 |
394 |
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Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being. |
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342-395 |
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Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) |
379-395 |
Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions. |
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Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
495 |
c.356-397 |
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Philastrius of Brescia (disputed with heretics) |
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381-397 |
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Ninian takes the gospel to the Picts |
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397 |
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Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians) |
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398 |
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Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia) |
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361-c.399,370 |
Orthodox beliefs except wouldn’t accept back repentant Arian/semi-Arian clergy |
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Evagrius Ponticus (Origenist monk) |
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c.381-399 |
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Siricius (first to be called Pope in Rome) |
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c.384-399 |
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Epitaph of Pectorius |
0.125 |
100-400 |
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Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
c.189 |
320/350-400 |
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Syriac Doctrine of Addai |
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400 |
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An estimated 10 million Christians |
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by 400 A.D. |
According to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126 |
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1st Council of Toledo, Spain |
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400 |
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p85 Rev 9-10, p82 Lk 7 |
400 |
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p19 Mt 10-11 |
400 |
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p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses) |
4/5th century |
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p50 Acts 8,10; p51 Gal 1 (13, 15 verses) |
400 |
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p117 2 Cor 7; p122 Jn 21 |
400 |
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p57 Acts4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses) |
4/5th century |
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p135 Gal 3:21-22,28-29; 4:31-5:6; 5:10-15 |
4/5th century |
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Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25 |
4/5th century |
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Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14:17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8 |
4/5th century |
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Fastidus (Britain) |
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4/5th century |
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Hyperechius (Mt, etc.) |
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4/5th century |
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Timothy of Alexandria |
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4/5th century |
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Maximinus |
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4/5th century |
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Maximus of Turin |
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4/5th century |
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Petilian/Petilianus, Donatist bishop |
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4/5th century |
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Nonnus (Gospel of John paraphrase) |
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early 5th cent. |
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Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies) |
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360-403 |
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Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria |
391-403 |
Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom. |
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Acts of Andrew |
5 |
-403- |
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Acts of Andrew and Matthias |
8 ¾ |
-403 |
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Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians) |
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c.345-398/404 |
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Flavian I of Antioch |
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381-404 |
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Prudentius, poet of Tarraconensis, Spain |
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before 405 |
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Pope Innocent I of Rome |
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ca.405 |
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Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist) |
88 |
374-406 |
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Ethiopic (Geez) Bible translation |
before 406 |
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Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 sermons) |
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after 406 |
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Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian |
after 406 |
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Theotimos |
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407 |
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John Chrysostom (partial) |
~3000 |
-407 |
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Chromatius of Aquileia |
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407 |
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Severian of Gabala/Jableh (Chrysostom's foe) |
150+ |
398-408 |
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Asterius of Amasea |
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c.410 |
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